– Lesson 1
(Advanced Conditionals (Mixed Conditionals & Inversion
توضیح:
– Mixed Conditionals: ترکیب زمانهای مختلف در یک جمله شرطی برای بیان شرایط پیچیدهتر.
– Inversion in Conditionals: استفاده از Inversion به جای “if” در جملات شرطی برای رسمیت یا تاکید بیشتر.
مثالها:
– Mixed:If I had studied harder, I would be a doctor now. (Past condition, present result)
– Inversion:Had I known, I would have acted differently. (Instead of “If I had known”)
لغات مهم:
hypothetical – consequence – formal – emphasize
تمرین:
.Rewrite the sentence using inversion: “If you should need any help, please let me know”
.Answer: Should you need any help, please let me know
Lesson 2 – Subjunctive Mood
توضیح:
برای بیان آرزوها، خواستهها، پیشنهادات، یا موقعیتهای فرضی و غیرواقعی استفاده میشود. معمولاً بعد از افعالی مانند `suggest`, `recommend`, `demand`, `insist` و عباراتی مانند `it is important that`, `it is essential that`.
مثالها:
– .I suggest that he beon time
– .It is vital that she studyfor the exam
– .If I wereyou, I would accept the offer
لغات مهم:
recommend – essential – vital – imperative
تمرین:
“.Complete the sentence: “The manager insisted that the report _ submitted by Friday
Answer: be
Lesson 3 – Cleft Sentences
توضیح:
برای تاکید بر بخشی از جمله (فاعل، مفعول، قید زمان یا مکان) از ساختارهایی مانند `It is/was… that/who` یا `What… is/was` استفاده میشود.
مثالها:
– .Original:I met John at the cafe
– .Cleft (emphasizing John):It was John that I met at the cafe
– .Cleft (emphasizing the cafe):It was at the cafe that I met John
– .Cleft (emphasizing the action):What I did was meet John at the cafe
لغات مهم:
emphasis – structure – highlight – focus
تمرین:
:”Rewrite the sentence to emphasize “the new discovery
“.Scientists announced the new discovery yesterday”
.Answer: It was the new discovery that scientists announced yesterday
Lesson 4 – Inversion with Negative Adverbials
توضیح:
وقتی جملهای با عبارات منفی یا محدودکننده (مثل ‘never ‘, ‘rarely’, ‘seldom’, ‘hardly’, ‘scarcely’, ‘no sooner’ , ‘little’ , ‘not only’ ) شروع میشود، ترتیب فاعل و فعل کمکی برعکس میشود (مثل سوال).
مثالها:
– .Original:I have never seen such a beautiful sunset
– .Inversion:Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset
– .Original:They little realized the danger
– .Inversion:Little did they realize the danger
لغات مهم:
adverbial – rarely – seldom – scarcely
تمرین:
.Complete the sentence with inversion:
“.Hardly _ arrived when the phone rang”
Answer: had I
Lesson 5 -Participle Clauses
توضیح:
جملاتی که با شکل ‘-ing ‘ یا ‘-ed ‘ فعل شروع میشوند و به جای یک جملهواره وابسته استفاده میشوند تا جمله را کوتاهتر و رسمیتر کنند. برای بیان علت، زمان، یا نتیجه.
مثالها:
– .Original:Because she was tired, she went to bed early
– .Participle:Being tired, she went to bed early
– .Original:After he finished his work, he went home
– .Participle:Having finished his work, he went home
لغات مهم:
concise – formal – preceding – simultaneous
تمرین:
:Rewrite the sentence using a participle clause
“.As she opened the door, she saw a strange man”
.Answer: Opening the door, she saw a strange man
Lesson 6 – Advanced Phrasal Verbs
توضیح:
مرور و آموزش Phrasal Verbs های پیچیدهتر و پرکاربردتر در مکالمات پیشرفته و متون رسمیتر.
مثالها:
– put up with:tolerate (تحمل کردن)
– come up with:invent/think of (به چیزی رسیدن/اختراع کردن)
– get across:communicate (رساندن منظور)
لغات مهم:
tolerate – invent – communicate – comprehend
تمرین:
:Fill in the blank
“.I don’t know how she _ his rude behavior”
Answer: puts up with
Lesson 7 – Discourse Markers & Connectors
توضیح:
کلمهها و عباراتی که به اتصال و سازماندهی ایدهها در متن و گفتار کمک میکنند و جریان و انسجام متن را بهبود میبخشند.
(‘e.g.,’ ‘however’ , ‘furthermore’, ‘consequently’ , ‘meanwhile’, ‘on the one hand ‘).
مثالها:
– .The report was due today; however, I haven’t finished it yet
– .Furthermore, there is a strong argument for supporting the proposal
– .On the one hand, it’s a good idea, but on the other hand, it’s too risky
لغات مهم:
cohesion – coherence – transition – argument
تمرین:
:Choose the best discourse marker
“.The weather was terrible. ___, we managed to enjoy our vacation”
Answer: Nevertheless / However
Lesson 8 – Impersonal Passive Voice
توضیح:
وقتی میخواهیم ایدهها، نظرات یا باورهای عمومی را بدون مشخص کردن منبع بیان کنیم. ساختارهایی مثل:
‘…It is said that… ‘, ‘It is believed that… ‘, ‘It is thought that’
مثالها:
– .Original:People say that he is a genius
– .Impersonal Passive:It is said that he is a genius
– .Original:They believe that the economy will improve
– .Impersonal Passive:It is believed that the economy will improve
لغات مهم:
general opinion – common belief – widespread – perception
تمرین:
:Rewrite the sentence using impersonal passive
“.They expect that prices will rise”
.Answer: It is expected that prices will rise
Lesson 9 -Ellipsis and Substitution
توضیح:
– Ellipsis: حذف کلمات یا عبارات تکراری که معنی جمله را تحت تأثیر قرار نمیدهند.
– Substitution: جایگزین کردن کلمات یا عبارات با کلمات کوتاهتر (مانند `do so`, `one`, `some`) برای جلوگیری از تکرار.
مثالها:
– .Ellipsis:I can play the piano, but my brother can’t [play the piano]
– Substitution:She asked me to help her, and I did so. (instead of “I helped her”)
لغات مهم:
omit – replace – brevity – repetition
تمرین:
:Identify the ellipsis
“.He bought a new car, and I bought one too”
“.Answer: The word “car” is ellipted in the second part of the sentence, replaced by “one
Lesson 10 – Figurative Language (Idioms, Metaphors, Similes)
توضیح:
آموزش عبارات اصطلاحی (Idioms)، استعارهها (Metaphors) و تشبیهها (Similes) که زبان انگلیسی را غنیتر و طبیعیتر میکنند و برای سطح Advanced ضروری هستند.
مثالها:
– .Idiom:It’s raining cats and dogs (باران شدید میبارد)
– .Metaphor:Her smile is sunshine (لبخند او مانند آفتاب است – مستقیم میگوید آفتاب است)
– .Simile:He is as strong as an ox (او به قدرتمندی یک گاو نر است – با “as” یا “like” مقایسه میکند)
لغات مهم:
idiom – metaphor – simile – imagery – expression
تمرین:
:What type of figurative language is this
“.The world is a stage”
Answer: Metaphor